Factors That Influence Consumer Behavior - 951 Words

What makes someone decide to buy ? Many consumers investigate to find the best deals, while others tend to impulse buy. There are four factors that influence consumers behavior. Cultural factors are from the different components related to culture or cultural environment that the consumer belongs. Social factors are the factors that influence consumer behavior significantly. Personal factors influenced by the characteristics of each consumer. Lastly is the psychological factors influenced by the consumers behavior. When learning about and individual their culture is a crutical to understanding their needs and behaviors. From day one of someone’s life they are influenced by family, friends, their cultural environment, and preferences as well as common behaviors to their own culture. When a brand is creating marketing strategy it is very important that they understand and take into account the cultural factors inherent to each market or situation and adapt the product. This plays a major role in the perception, habits, behavior or expectations of the consumers. Specifically take into account for brands in markets such as savory snacks, soda pop and alcoholic beverages. Usage and consumptions are not the same in all areas of the world. There are three categories that will also fall as a factor sub-culture, social classes, and cultural trends. A sub-culture is a group of people that share the same values based on a common experience or similar lifestyle. Social classesShow MoreRelatedFactors That Influence Consumer Behavior Essay1934 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Consumer behavior deals with the study of buying behavior of consumers. It helps us understand why and why not an individual purchases goods and services from the market. In reality marketers don’t have the power and information to be able to control the behavior of the consumer. They may be able to influence their buying behavior but not control. There are several factors which influence the buying decision of consumers; internal and external. Culture is the most pervasive of all theseRead MoreFactors that influence consumer buying behavior1747 Words   |  7 PagesFactors that influence consumer buying behavior There are a lot of subjects for marketers to understand in order to get more customers purchasing their companies’ products or brands. Consumer buying behavior is one of the studies that marketers need to understand. Factors that influence consumer buying behavior can be classified into four classes which are social factor, cultural factor, personal factor and psychological factor. One of the factors that influence consumer buying behavior isRead MoreInternal Factors That Influence Consumer Behavior1339 Words   |  6 Pagesor service, the behavior of consumers must be considered. Understanding how a person thinks, reacts, and feels may play a huge role in how a marketing manager sets up their campaign; thus determining whether or not their marketing plan was a success or failure. The factors that affect consumer behavior can be broken down into three segments: internal, external, and situational. Internal factors that influence consumer behavior involves the perception of a product by a consumer; perception actsRead MoreRetail Environmental Factors That Influence Consumer Buying Behavior939 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Consumer buying behavior has became great interest to the marketing researches (Ali Hasnu 2013, p. 1). Understanding the consumer buying behavior unable the mall managers plan effective marketing strategies. Researchers have identified number of different factors that influence consumer buying behavior. Retail environmental factors is one of these factors. This literature review seeks to identify the retail environmental factors that influence consumer buying behavior. The structureRead MoreConsumer Decision Making Process And The Beverage Brand Products1421 Words   |  6 PagesConsumers buying decision making play an important role for the success of every company or organisation. Without the investigation into consumers and their buying behaviour companies and organisation and marketer cannot achieved their aims and objective of their goals in the sale of their product. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the relationship between the consumers buying decision makin g process and the beverage brand products. (Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola) The data for the researchRead MoreEthel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success1026 Words   |  5 PagesEthel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success 10/25/2011 1. Describe the type of consumer buying decision that best describes the choice to indulge at Ethel’s. Ethel’s Chocolate lounges are chocolate or candy based restaurants that where created by the Mars corporation. The Mars Corporation is the same corporation that makes the famous MM candy. In the case study on Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges we learn that the Mars Corporation has made many modificationsRead MoreConsumer Behavior Refers to the Selection, Purchase and Consumption of Goods and Services for the Satisfaction of Their Wants1679 Words   |  7 PagesConsumer behavior Consumer behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume, then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities, the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes theRead MoreCUSTOMER PERCEPTION1177 Words   |  5 PagesSeveral factors can influence our perception, causing it to change in certain ways. Consumer perception theory is any attempt to understand how a consumer’s perception of a product or service influences their behavior. Those who study consumer perception try to understand why consumers make the decisions they do, and how to influence these decisions. Usually, consumer perception theory is used by marketers when designing a campaign for a product or brand. However, some people study consumer perceptionRead MoreReligiosity And Islamic Consumer Behavior Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesReligiosity and Islamic Consumer Behavior Name: Institution: â€Æ' Introduction Consumer behavior is the process by which individuals seek, decide, procure, utilize and dispose of products so as to satisfy their needs and wants. Consumer behavior is attracting interest from scholars especially the marketing psychologists. The concept is important to marketing because it reveals why, when and how consumers make the decisions to buy. Many factors influence consumer behavior, for example, the price,Read MoreConsumer Behavior And Interactive Marketing Report1490 Words   |  6 PagesConsumer Behavior and Interactive Marketing Report ---Take the KFC in Norwich as an Example Introduction Consumer behavior is closely connected with the interactive market as well as products and services. (Peter, Olson, 2010) This report is aim to develop the KFC restaurant in Norwich strategically by analyzing the consumer behavior and interactive markets. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a global fast food brand from America which is popular for its fried chicken. (Bell, Shelman, 2011) The

My Education Philosophy Essay - 516 Words

My Educational philosophy is defined in becoming a teacher as a set of ideas and beliefs about education that guide the professional behavior of educators. Also included in educational philosophy are one’s beliefs about teaching and learning, students, knowledge and what is worth knowing. My five general purposes for philosophy of education are: to set goals of plan, to teach useful and relevant information, be aware of students learning styles, modeling positive cooperative behavior, to look for solutions and to make sure those solutions are working. I believe that teaching and learning is both a science and an art, which requires the implementation of already determined rules. I see learning as the result of internal forces within†¦show more content†¦By extending my personal growth in reading, discussing, writing and reflecting the curriculum will be meaningful to the student and make student’s well-rounded. I believe that people are good and will work in their own best. Education should focus on the individuality of students and that each student should find his or her own meaning of existence. I was so moved by the movie Radio and the inspirational message. I have seen many children who have been discriminated and mistreated, as a result affected their self-esteem and their well-being. The story has a deep touching realization that anyone can see if they only open their eyes and see life for what it really is. It’s up to us and through compassion we can unlock the true purpose and meaning of ourselves and others. We need to be open and understanding of people who are different. Therefore, students who struggle of poor mentally challenged need to be befriended by someone who is willing to make a difference in their lives. We definitely need more people like the coach. Honestly, how is intelligence measured? If we only measure students IQ in reading and math logic it would be unjust for the student. The students need to be measured on many levels other than reading and math as it was reflected within the movie; one can bring many aspects of intelligence forth. For example, interpersonal and social skills, an understanding of diverse inequalities,Show MoreRelatedMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education880 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Education Philosophy test that we took in class, my education philosophy matched with social reconstruction. Social Reconstructionist believes that systems must keep changing to improve human conditions. Also, emphasizes social questions and to create a better society. Social reconstructionist believe that you have to start over to make things better. While going through the PowerPoint that explained what social reconstitution is, in a deeper way, I came to the conclusion that socialRead MoreMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe t o the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of God

Physics Essay Summary Example For Students

Physics Essay Summary Strictly speaking, will a penny be slightly more massive if it has a negative charge or a positive charge? Explain. A negative charge because when it is negatively charged electrons are added to the penny. 17. What is the voltage at the location of a 0. 0001 C charge that has an electric potential energy of 0. 5 J (both voltage and potential relative to the same reference point)? Potential = energy Charge = 0. 5 J / 0. 0001 c = 5,000 v 20. Why? Brass doesnt erode and it doesnt polarize. Next the reason it is recorded on a metal plaque is to show record of where the boat was manufactured and to give a changeless frame number and year it was constructed or dispatched. 34. Your friend says that, if you crank the shaft of a DC motor manually, the motor becomes a DC generator. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your position. Agree. Any coil of wire spinning in a magnetic field that cuts through the magnetic field is a generator. 41 . How does the current in the secondary of a transformer compare with the current in the primary when the secondary voltage is twice the primary voltage? Transformers must conserve energy. Since the energy of an electric current is proportional to the product of current and voltage and since energy output must be equal to or less than the energy input, increasing the voltage requires a responding decrease in current! If voltage increases by lox then the current must usually is, less. ] 48. What is wrong with the following scheme? To generate electricity without fuel, arrange a motor to run a generator that will produce electricity that is stepped up with transformers so that the generator can run the motor and simultaneously furnish electricity for other uses. Every step described in this process involves some form energy dissipation in the form, usually in the form of heat. All this can do is to waste energy. The motor heats up, the transformer heats up and the generator heats up.

Why I Choose Culinary Arts Essay Example For Students

Why I Choose Culinary Arts Essay Professional cooking is a system based on a knowledge of and appreciation for ingredients and procedures (Lebanese 4). HISTORY In 1 765, a Parisian named Ballooner began advertising on his shop sign that he served soups, which he called restaurants or restoratives, Before this trine, the great chefs were employed in the houses of French nobility. In those days, restoratives, like all other cooked foods offered and purchased outside the home, were made by guild members. Each guild had a monopoly of preparing certain food items. There were separate guilds for rotisserie cooked the main cuts of meat), patisseries (who cooked poultry, pies and tarts), trainers (who made ragouts), and Porte-shapes (caterers vivo organized feasts and celebrations (Lebanese 4). Balladeers establishment was closed after a lawsuit brought by the guild whose members accused Ballooner Of infringing on their exclusive right to sell prepared dishes. Ballooner won in court and later reopened his establishment. Customers were served family style. We will write a custom essay on Why I Choose Culinary Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Balladeers contribution to the food industry was to serve a variety of foods prepared on premises to customers whose primary interest was fine dining (Lebanese 4). EDUCATION There are a growing number of aspiring cooks who are now becoming chefs and head cooks. Being a professional chef or head cook does not require any formal training. However, for anyone interested in a lifelong career as a chef, training and earning a degree is an essential part of making it happen. Culinary certifications differ depending on the kind of job youre seeking, and different bobs require specific training. A certification in culinary arts shows competence that can lead to advancements and higher pay positions. This training can he obtained from training at community colleges, technical schools, culinary arts schools, and 2-year and a-year institutes. There are several levels of certifications that are available in this field. Students may obtain a certificate, an associates degree, or a bachelors degree Associates Degree To obtain an associate degree in culinary arts, students must attend formal training. The course takes usually two years to complete. In addition to the culinary classes that helps the students to become better cooks; the students must also attend several Of Other courses. These courses include: * English; * Math; * Human resource management: * Purchasing; Info systems for hospitality: * Social/ behavioral science; and Humanities/ fine arts. Most programs also require that students obtain experience in a commercial kitchen. This can be done through an internship. Certificate CAREERS There is an array of different careers available in the culinary field. The career choices include executive chefs, souse chefs, pastry chefs, personal chefs, and private household chefs. Executive Chef An executive chef is primarily responsible for overseeing the operation of a kitchen. They coordinate the work Of their souse chef and Other cooks. The title Of executive chef sounds as if this would be the head cook; on the contrary, usually the executive chef has minimum involvement in the food preparation. Executive chefs are generally preoccupied by administrative tasks; therefore. They spend little time in the kitchen. The executive chef typically does the following : *Check the freshness of food and ingredients; * Develop recipes and determine how to present the food; * Plan menus and ensure uniform serving sizes and quality of meals; Inspect supplies, equipment, and work areas for cleanliness and functionality; * Hire, train, and supervise cooks and other food preparation workers; * Order and maintain inventory of food and supplies needed to ensure efficient operations; and * Monitor sanitation practices and ensure that kitchen safety standards are followed. An executive chef should possess the six following traits: * Judgment; k Dedication; * Taste; k pride; Skill; and k Knowledge (Lebanese 15). Souse Chefs A souse chef is second in command in the kitchen. Souse chefs are cooks Who supervises food production and who reports to the executive chef. Salaries There are a few factors that can influence the salary tot chef. These factors include: * Type of dining establishment; k Location of the establishment: * Experience; k Education; * Specific responsibilities; k General economic conditions; and * Size of the establishment.

Public Health v.s Individual Liberty Essay Example

Public Health v.s Individual Liberty Essay Example Public Health v.s Individual Liberty Paper Public Health v.s Individual Liberty Paper Essay Topic: On Liberty In Typhoid Mary, Mary Mallon is isolated on North Brother Island from 1907 to 1910 and again from 1915 until she dies in 1938. Mary Mallon is striped of her civil liberties and is unwillingly quarantined to preserve public health. This brings about an interesting issue, an issue that is just as important today with regard to AIDS as it was nearly a century ago with typhoid. Many have suggested, then and now, that if an individual endangers the public health of the community that that person’s liberties should become secondary to the safety of the community. However, people that contract diseases are unwilling victims of it and they too are members of the community. There must be a balance. While protecting the larger community, the individual must too be protected. One’s individual liberties should not be denied in order to protect public health. When facing a public health concern like a contagious disease, isolating people with the disease does not guarantee its elimination but it does rob these people of their freedoms. The purpose of this essay is to suggest that protecting an individual’s liberties is just as important as protecting public health and that isolation should not be used as a method of preventing the spread of disease. Using two prime examples we will look at how isolation violates civil liberties. The first example is of Mary Mallon’s isolation. This example illustrates that a well-informed, cooperative carrier, can be a far more useful tool than isolation. The second example is of Cuba’s national HIV/AIDS containment program. From this example one can see the negative impact that isolation has on the stricken and the community and that isolation, as a means of preventing the spread of disease ultimately does not work. Mary Mallon arrives in the United States in 1896 at the age of fifteen. Although she is poorly educated and unskilled, Mallon is bright and spirited. She moves from job to job, always seeking to improve her life. After discovering her aptitude in preparing food she becomes a cook. In the summer of 1906, a wealthy banker by the name of Charles Henry Warren rented a large house in Oyster Bay, Long Island as a vacation home for himself and his family. He employs maids, gardeners, and a cook to provide the services at his new home. On the fourth of August, he hires Mary Mallon as the family cook. On the twenty-seventh of August, the household is stricken with typhoid fever. The owner of the house, George Thompson, fearful that he will be unable to rent the house ever again, becomes determined to learn the source of the disease. Thus, he hires George Soper, a sanitary engineer, to conduct an investigation. At first, Soper thought soft clams might have been the initial agent. He later, shifts his attention to household members, and finally to the cook. When he learns that Mary Mallon is only hired shortly before the beginning of the illnesses, he becomes convinced that she is a healthy carrier of typhoid fever. He tracks Mary Mallon to her new place of employment. He approaches her with all the finesse of a bull in a china shop. He tells her she is spreading disease through the food she cooks and demands that she provides him with stool, urine and blood samples. Mary attacks Soper with a meat fork and he is forced to retreat without any samples. Mary Mallon refuses to believe that she is spreading the infectious disease, typhoid fever. She declares that she has never had typhoid in her life. Soper is equally adamant in proving his theory. To do so, he reconstructs Mallon’s work history. He finds that in the previous ten years, Mallon had worked as a cook for eight different families. Of the eight, seven families had experienced typhoid outbreaks. He also finds that a total number of twenty-two people have taken ill and one has died. Soper’s data persuades the New York City Health Inspector that Mary Mallon is indeed a carrier of the disease. In March of 1907, she is carried off, kicking and screaming, to a hospital for testing. Her feces show high concentrations of typhoid bacilli and she is sent to an isolation cottage on the grounds of Riverside Hospital, located on a small island near Riker’s Island. There she remains for three years. This is when Mary Mallon becomes known as Typhoid Mary. After three years, Mary is released with the proviso that she will stay in touch with the health department and that she not work as a cook. For a time, she complies with the requirements. She works in a laundry; however, this job does not sustain her in wages or in satisfaction. Therefore she changes her name to Mrs. Brown and returns to cooking. For three months, she cooks at Sloane Maternity hospital in Manhattan. During her time there, at least dozens of doctors, nurses, staff, and even children contacted typhoid Fever. Two of the victims die. Mary Mallon is unmasked as Typhoid Mary. She is again sent to North Border Island where she lives for twenty-three years until she dies. Mary Mallon’s isolation is a prime example of how public health policies can be discriminatory and unfairly applied. Mary Mallon is not the only known carrier of typhoid, yet she is the only one to be robbed of her civil liberties because she is a healthy carrier. When she dies, in 1938, a newspaper notes that there are 237 other healthy carriers under observation by the health department. Mary Mallon is, however, the only person to be forced to live in isolation. Mary Mallon’s story, although very tragic, can be an extremely useful asset in the United States’ efforts to create a health care system that is in no way discriminatory. It is exemplary of the kinds of pitfalls that the United States should avoid. One can see from Typhoid Mary that there is a great need for fairness in the health care system. For example, if Mary Mallon felt health system was fair and non-discriminatory she would have had more confidence in the system. Thus, she would have been more likely to cooperate. There is also a need for better education on how diseases are spread. If Mary Mallon had been better educated on how to prevent the spread of the infectious disease, the combination of her willingness to cooperate with her knowledge of how to protect others from infection would have meant that both her rights and liberties would have been protected as well as the public’s health. Education is a far more powerful tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases than isolation ever could be. However, the health system must first become fair, non-discriminatory, and trustworthy, and all citizens, especially those stricken with disease, must perceive it as such. This will lead more and more people to trust in the public health system. This trust then allows the system to effectively educate more people that carry a disease, so they can refrain from activities that put others at risk. Johan Giesecke, an infectious disease specialist, believes that â€Å"strong public confidence in a benevolent and non-discriminatory state and health care system is more valuable than repressive legislation† (Leavitt; 245). In the end, everyone benefits from this method of prevention. This method prevents the spread of disease better than isolation ever will. At the same time the rights and liberties of the infected are being protected along with the health of the community. In thinking about how far the government might take disease control, isolation emerges as a frightening possibility. Nevertheless, some states have actually considered quarantining people with HIV/AIDS. One can argue that this kind of action goes against democracy, against the Constitution, and against the very foundation the United States is built on. Clearly, isolating people deprives individuals of their god giving rights as human beings and as Americans. Isolation robs these individuals of cherished values like: liberty, privacy, freedom of speech, and freedom of choice. Cuba is another prime example of why the United States should not use isolation as a public health preservation tactic. In 1986 Cuba initiated a national program to contain AIDS. This program includes: systematic screenings, isolating of all HIV-positive people in sanitariums, and requiring all HIV-positive pregnant women to abort their babies. Cuba found initial success in containing AIDS due to this plan along with other determining factors. Drug use, which is a major means of HIV transmission, has been rigorously reduced in Cuba. Cuba also upholds a severely strict sexual conduct code. It also benefits from its position in the hemisphere; because of its economic isolation it is relatively underexposed to the disease. One can state that isolation of HIV-positive people has contributed greatly to the initial success of Cuba keeping the disease at bay, but this success comes at the expense of Cuban citizens. Citizens comply with the program not of their own free will. This program does more harm than good. It forces HIV-positive people to live away from their friends and family in sanitariums and deprives them of their civil liberties. These sanitariums seem to be nothing more than prisons. The people who are forced to live there are called â€Å"inmates† and they are kept in with walls and barbed wire. Some of these inmates have compared these sanitariums to concentration camps. The program also robs HIV-positive women of the right to choose because they must abort their babies, whether they want to or not. Also, the systematic screenings are an invasion of privacy. What makes the situation worse is that these people are striped of their liberties and isolated in vain. Recent studies show that the program has not been effective in stopping the epidemic. Instead, it leads people to believe that all the HIV/AIDS-positive people are isolated and they gain a false sense of security, which results in a reverse effect. Due to this sense of security they engage in unprotected sex and thus continue to spread the infection. The United States has two courses of action that it can take. The first is to legally decide to follow the lead of the Cuban government. Therefore, placing the individual rights and liberties of the sick at a secondary level, while deciding that the protection of the public health is a far greater national priority. Such changes would move the country in a direction opposite of the democracy all Americans love and believe in. This would foster discrimination of those that have a disease, like HIV, at state, community, and health care levels. Amilca Palmer, a journalist that did a study on Cuba’ sanitariums, writes, â€Å"It is a telling sign that Cuba is not an utopian socialist world where everyones needs are met, but one where the individual is erased, especially that individual who cant conform to the social norm† (Palmer; stg. brown. edu). This is certainly not the direction in which the United States should follow. Instead, the United States should look to other options, options that uphold democracy not dictatorship. The second choice it can consider is to make civil rights and liberties an equally dominant national priority as public health. Therefore, establishing policies of fair non-discriminatory health care. This kind of policy will earn the confidence of all American citizens, sick and well alike, and provide them legitimate, long-term protection that is accommodating. Such changes would move the country in a direction that fosters our value system of individual rights and liberties, while emphasizing the importance of public health. In conclusion, Typhoid Mary written nearly a century ago brings up an important issue, an issue that affects many people still today. Mary Mallon’s story teaches people that there must be fairness in public health policies, and that these policies must avoid discrimination and abuse of individuals who carry a disease. Many people believe that when deciding between an individual’s rights and the health of a community, the community’s safety becomes paramount and the individual’s liberties become simply secondary. Thus, isolation is not considered as a violation of one’s rights but as a right of the community to be protected from these carriers. However, it is imperative that one keeps in mind that the stricken are members of the community too and their rights are just as important. Isolation does not eliminate the spread of disease. In some ways it may actually help facilitate the spread of disease. Yet, some states in the U. S. are considering using isolation to lessen then spread of HIV/AIDS in the country. One can argue that isolation goes against democracy, against the Constitution, and against the very foundation the United States is built on. Bibliography : lihistory. com/7/hs702a. htm http://history1900s. about. com/library/weekly/aa062900a. htm stg. brown. edu/projects/projects. old/classes/mc166k/summarie/indys. html cubasolidarity. net/cubahol2. html Leavitt, Judith Walzer. Typhoid Mary. Beacon Press, Boston, Massachusetts, 1996.

Pointing Fingers

Pointing Fingers Recently I was on a chat consisting of published writers. They were bitching. They had been with publishers for years, going back before self-publishing was a serious thing. The books they had with their publishers were no longer selling well, and they wanted their rights back. The conversation turned churlish, and I just hushed. To speak up wouldve meant being turned upon, and while I can handle debate, I sensed a high level of emotional angst. So instead, I just watched and listened. Once upon a time, these authors were thrilled to be published with a traditional press. They collected royalties. They held book signings. They made money. But along came self-publishing with a roar. Many of these authors jumped on board with new books, hungry for the higher returns, no longer wanting the traditional publisher. Now, even self-publishers are hurting. So many people got on board that train that authors on both sides, traditional and indie, struggle for the income they once collected. Its called supply and demand; too many books for the same number of readers, and the new authors settle for less, never having known the higher incomes of those who preceded them. These upset authors bashed the traditional publishers, but of course, the publishers werent in the room. The  complaints were these: 1) The old books are not selling. The royalty checks are small. Therefore, the publisher is doing nothing. 2) The authors asked for their rights back to these books, with the publishers pointing out the books were still under contract, and the publisher wanted to continue selling those books. How selfish of the publisher. 3) The authors werent being heavily promoted 4) They then said, without proof, that the publisher did nothing for authors, at all. Yet I and several others remained quiet. . . those of us who were being promoted. . . but who also fought hard to self-promote. Theyd totally forgotten the joy of landing their contracts, the royalty checks they received when their work was fresh, and the promotion done on their behalf once upon a time. Theyd forgotten being chosen. Instead, the industry changed on them, and they chose to blame it on the publisher. Publishers have been victims in this industry, too. Authors now make less, but those who promote more make more. Those who write more, make more. Publishers took leaps of faith with those authors, and at the time the authors were thrilled. What they never expected was this: being indie means taking full responsibility for your creative and entrepreneurial sides. Not blaming others. Its all on the author now, and a lot of them dont see that yet.

Epidemiology Project Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epidemiology Project Interview - Assignment Example So, my training in pharmacy and public health have prepared me to perform my job successfully. Oenga’s response: my interest in epidemiology was sparked by one of my uncles who was an epidemiologist. As an epidemiologist, my uncle Mr. Patrick Ongeri was very dedicated to his work and he really loved his work; my uncle inspired me when I was young and I resolved that I would be an epidemiologist when I grow up. Oenga’s response: for me, the main positive aspect of being an epidemiologist is that I find a lot of fulfillment it; I really love this job and I find it so fulfilling in life. On the negatives, I would say that this job is quite risky because one can easily end up getting an infectious and incurable disease like Ebola. Oenga’s response: yes I do a piece of advice to them. My advice to them is that if they want to be really happy in this carrier, they have to do it not for the love of money, but for the love of people whom they will be serving through this carrier; if they do it for the love of money, they may end up being frustrated because they will never get enough of it. Appreciation: As we conclude, I would like to sincerely thank you for giving me your time for this interview; thank you also for being so cooperative and for answering all my questions clearly and enthusiastically, thank you very  much.

Briefly explicate the overall thesis's of Robert Kuttner's, Everything Essay

Briefly explicate the overall thesis's of Robert Kuttner's, Everything for Sale, and Daniel Bell's, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, AND DO SO WITH EQUAL FOCUS - Essay Example In summary, Kuttner demonstrates that there are notable differences between how markets operate in any business set up viewed theoretically and the real performance in practice. The writer notes that there are means that there are a number of unforeseen occurrences that take place in the market (Seligman 87). Most of the economists apply many theories in planning businesses, but as the author writes, there are other factors. Perfect markets are hard to realize and efforts to realize them may cause other problems to the society, for example, interfere with democratic rights of people. Everything for Sale focuses on a number of flawed markets such as labor, health care and finance. The objective of the book is to notify the community on the need for a democratic government control in matters of the economy. Daniel Bell was an American sociologist renowned for his editorial work and promotion of industrialism in USA (Lizardo 222). Bell incorporates his skills in combining his social skills and political ideas in his writings. Bell wrote the book, â€Å"The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism†, in 1976 (Lizardo 223). It demonstrates how the customs brought about by capitalism harms personal satisfaction and the factors that led to capitalism in business. Bell’s thesis makes use of sociology, psychological and theoretical skills in economics. Author’s focus is the cooperation of people in applying Rawl’s maximin idea in satisfaction of minimum lifestyle rather than maximum lifestyle, which is capital consuming (Lizardo 233). At the time of writing of this book, there was minimal technological advancement hence less capital advancement in business. Despite low technological advancement, Bell seems to have an eye on improvements in technology and its impact on capitalism in business. The rising diversity in cultural practices of different people affects the progress in business. In the first thesis, Kuttner looks at the

Water resources Essay Example for Free

Water resources Essay Our business SABMiller is one of the world’s largest brewers, with brewing interests and distribution agreements in over 60 countries across six continents. Our brands include premium international beers such as Pilsner Urquell, Peroni Nastro Azzurro and Miller Genuine Draft, as well as an exceptional range of market-leading local brands such as Aguila, Miller Lite, Snow and Tyskie. Six of our brands are in the world’s top 50 beer brands. We also have considerable expertise in bottling and distributing some of the most famous soft drink brands in the world, including Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Appletiser and Minute Maid. We are one of the biggest franchise bottlers and distributors of Coca-Cola products outside the United States, operating in 10 of our markets as bottlers of Coca-Cola products. In addition to our Coca-Cola bottling operations, we also produce and bottle a range of soft drinks in a further eight of our markets. In total, non-alcoholic beverages – sparkling beverages, water, fruit juices and malt beverages – make up 18% of our total beverage volumes. Sparkling beverages alone constitute 11% of our total beverage volumes. We operate 41 bottling plants, responsible for producing 50 million hectolitres (5 billion litres) of soft drinks per annum. Contents 01 Leading bottler of soft drinks 02 Where we operate 04 A framework for sustainable development 06 Marketplace 07 Workplace 09 Environment 11 Community 12 Contact details Leading bottler of soft drinks SABMiller’s beverage interests extend beyond brewing and into soft drinks where we have operations in 18 countries, both as selfstanding businesses and, in some countries, alongside a brewery. While brewing is at the heart of our business, the soft drinks operations contribute demonstrably to our overall profitability and success. Through consistently delivering superior operating performance and earnings growth for our bottling operations, and through our commitment to sustainable development, we are able to bring significant value to the economies and societies in which we operate. We work closely with The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) across 10 of our soft drinks markets. The business partnership through which soft drinks reach consumers is known as the CocaCola system. Coca-Cola licenses bottlers in each region which then manufacture and distribute the final product. Our partnership with TCCC extends beyond just selling soft drinks. Our local bottling operations take part in joint planning with their regional and local Coca-Cola partners, addressing both operational issues, such as packaging and procurement, and wider social investment activities. TCCC sets and controls very detailed standards to maintain the integrity and quality of its brands through a process known as The Coca-Cola Quality System. Our brand portfolio As one of the biggest bottlers of Coca-Cola products in the world, we believe that brands are the key to our success. Our ability to nurture and grow brands that consumers want is one of our most important business assets. We are proud to be associated with some of the world’s best known soft drink brands through our partnership with TCCC. As part of our franchise agreements, we bottle and distribute a wide range of still and sparkling soft drink brands. Some of the best known brands include Coca-Cola and Coca-Cola Light, Fanta and Sprite. We also aim to offer a range of products and brands that meet different consumer needs for refreshment, nutrition and replenishment. The soft drinks product range that we produce includes still and sparkling mineral water, fruit juices, and sport and energy drinks. SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 1 Where we operate SABMiller operates franchise bottlers of Coca-Cola products in 10 markets: El Salvador and Honduras in Latin America; Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zambia and the Indian Ocean islands of Comores and Mayotte in Africa; and South Africa, where we own major brand Appletiser and ABI, the largest bottler in the country. In addition, our operations in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Peru in Latin America, China, USA, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Ghana and Canary Islands produce a range of fruit juices, water and malt beverages. Total beverage sales volumes by region Latin America 20% Europe 15% North America 17% Africa and Asia 32% South Africa 16% (‘000 hectolitres) Beer/other alcohol 34,948 Soft drinks 19,474 Total 54,422 (‘000 hectolitres) Beer/other alcohol 40,113 Soft drinks 27 Total 40,140 (‘000 hectolitres) Beer/other alcohol 46,591 Soft drinks 84 Total 46,675 (‘000 hectolitres) Beer/other alcohol 74,163 Soft drinks 13,837 Total 88,000 (‘000 hectolitres) Beer/other alcohol 26,543 Soft drinks 15,987 Total 42,530 2 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007. Denotes regions where SABMiller operates, or has a major distribution agreement Denotes regions covered by our strategic partner Castel North America distrubution only Europe distrubution only Africa and Asia Latin America 14 bottling plants 17 bottling plants Brands include: Coca-Cola Fanta Sprite South Africa Brands include: Coca-Cola Fanta Sprite Tropical Cristal (water) 10 bottling plants Brands include: Coca-Cola Fanta Sprite Appletiser Peartiser Minute Maid SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 3. A framework for sustainable development Sustainable development is an integral part of running our global business successfully. We work within a sustainable development framework which focuses on the 10 priorities most relevant and material to our business’s environmental, social and economic footprint. This framework has been embedded into our global operations and we have developed, tested and launched a sustainable assessment matrix (SAM) which enables each operation to measure its performance against the 10 priorities. This framework provides a common approach within the group, supporting learning between our businesses. SABMiller’s 10 sustainable development priorities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Discouraging irresponsible drinking Making more beer and soft drinks but using less water Reducing our energy and carbon footprint Packaging, reuse and recycling Working towards zero waste operations Having supply chains that reflect our own values and commitments Benefiting communities Contributing to the reduction of HIV/Aids Respecting human rights Transparency in reporting our progress Strategy and performance measurement The creation of the sustainable development framework of 10 priorities and the accompanying SAM system has been an important investment for us. The self-assessment process enables our businesses to compare their performance against the 10 priorities and with their peers within the group. All operations where our group companies have day-to-day management control must achieve the minimum level 1 on the stairways. Operations which fall short of level 1 must have mitigation plans in place to achieve this standard as soon as possible. Where operations have achieved the highest standards at level 4, they provide case studies and learnings for other parts of the business. In addition, to encourage operations to engage in level 4 projects, we have also committed to long-term scenario planning for the key priorities of water, carbon and HIV/Aids, to assess the business needs and current and potential future thinking on these issues. Through SAM, we aim to collate and report the sustainable development performance of all our businesses where SABMiller group companies have day-to-day management control, either as a result of a majority shareholding or through a management agreement. However, we share our standards and policies with our associates and other business interests where we do not have direct management control. In China, for example, we have had several meetings with the CR Snow senior management team to share our sustainable development approach. 4 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 Our soft drinks operations adhere to the fundamentals of our sustainable development priorities, while also endorsing and operating within the Coca-Cola framework of four key areas: Marketplace, Workplace, Environment and Community. This framework is closely aligned with our sustainable development priorities, and working in partnership with TCCC, we are committed to delivering programmes and initiatives which add value in the countries and communities in which we operate. Marketplace TCCC is an active member of the business community in each country where it operates, working hand in hand with local individuals, merchants and governments to improve the health and prosperity of the local economy and environment. Similarly, SABMiller is committed to creating sustainable ways to do business and to contributing to economic growth by running successful and accountable businesses which encourage entrepreneurs, create jobs and stimulate local economic activity. In order to make a long-term and sustainable impact, we need to explore ways in which our core business activities can best contribute to both our organisation and towards wider social and economic objectives. and collaboration. As a global organisation, transferability of skills is important to us and we are committed to employing the best people, whatever their backgrounds, and we value and respect diversity. We also acknowledge that HIV/Aids is an operational as well as a social issue and we cannot rely on a healthy workforce for the future unless we proactively engage with this difficult challenge. As one of the biggest bottlers of Coca-Cola products, we ensure that we meet, or exceed, the water management requirements of TCCC at our bottling plants. The Coca-Cola approach is built upon comprehensive risk analysis of the water resources supplying plants in its global franchise bottling network. Since 2004 we have worked collaboratively with Coca-Cola in our Central American and African operations to study the annual renewable fresh water supply, supply economics and the social context of water resources of our bottling facilities. Environment Operating in an environmentally responsible way is a priority for all of our businesses. The Coca-Cola system’s environmental commitment is focused on the areas where we have the most significant and visible impacts – water, sustainable packaging, and energy and climate protection. As the bottler, our operations play a crucial role in water conservation and purification, energy efficiency and solid waste management. We are also committed to the re-use of bottles. SABMiller and TCCC share the commitment to the conservation and preservation of scarce natural resources, and in 2007 both companies signed the CEO Water Mandate, a United Nations initiative. Community SABMiller and TCCC share the belief that the future of our businesses depends on the vitality of the communities where we operate. The continued health and sustainable growth of our business depends on the long-term wellbeing and success of the communities that surround us. We are intensely committed to the economic success and continued growth of these communities through our corporate social investment activities. Our particular emphasis is on supporting enterprise development, promoting sustainable water use and tackling HIV/Aids. Workplace For the people of TCCC, work is more than a place to go every day. TCCC believes work should be a place of exploration, discovery, creation and inspiration. At SABMiller, we believe that people are our enduring advantage. We understand the importance of training and development, and of creating a culture of communication SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 5 Marketplace SABMiller is committed to creating sustainable ways to do business and to contributing to economic growth by running successful and accountable businesses which create jobs and stimulate local economic activity. 1 Empowering soft drink distributors in Zambia Since SABMiller re-entered the Zambian market in 1994, Zambian Breweries Limited (ZBL) has become one of the country’s largest taxpayers and investors outside of the mining sector. ZBL’s sales and marketing department has invested more than US$1,300,000 in setting up an empowerment distribution chain for its carbonated soft drinks operations, creating over 1,800 jobs. This investment involves several initiatives, including the sourcing, purchasing and maintaining of 500 branded kiosks, or N’tembas, complete with ice bins; providing 155 fully branded containers which are placed in high density areas as retail sales points and wholesale outlets; and the provision of more than 300 vending trolleys and 700 ice boxes to street vendors. Interest free start-up loans and loans to purchase vehicles are also provided to enable distributors to more adequately distribute our products in rural areas where distances preclude direct outlet delivery, and in urban high density areas where drop sizes are too small. In order to help these entrepreneurs to succeed, trade marketing representatives from ZBL provide training to ensure that they distribute the product effectively. Through these investments ZBL achieves additional sales volume, while the distributors make a profit, enabling them to employ people and generate growth within their community. 2 Honduras provides skills to children. Our soft drinks business in Honduras introduced an education programme for the children of workers in the Azunosa sugar cane fields with the aim of eliminating the problem of child labour in the local industry and improving the level of education and household income in the community. Up to 100 children attend the school operated by the Cerveceria Hondurena Foundation, where they are provided with knowledge and skills in a structured and certified programme. Food, medicine, clothes and financial assistance are also provided. Part of the training includes the growing of non-traditional crops such as sweet potatoes, peppers and tomatoes. These crops are taken to the local market to be sold, and the proceeds are reinvested in the Foundation to cover some of the costs of the programme. 3 Angola supports Junior Achievement In partnership with several other companies operating in Luanda, our soft drinks business, Coca-Cola Bottling Luanda (CCBL), supports the Coca-Cola Foundation’s Junior Achievement Initiative in Angola. The training programme aims to develop entrepreneurial spirit and selfinitiative, as well as to provide a basic understanding of business fundamentals to students in public schools. The people of CCBL volunteer to contribute 75 working hours to the programme, giving their time and expertise to teach the students and provide them with knowledge and information about how the business world works and how strong ethics and values can contribute towards creating a successful business. Two courses are available: Personal Economics, which introduces the students to the business world, and helps them to choose a career path and understand the skills required for it; and Mini-Enterprise, which consists of basic business content from setting up a business to producing and selling the goods. Students set up their own simulated businesses and are responsible for producing and selling the products, and ultimately its success. Almost 900 students benefited from the first two semesters of the programme, and CCBL believes this will prepare and inspire Angola’s youth to lead fruitful lives at home and make a meaningful contribution towards the country and a better world. 1 2 3 6 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 Workplace At SABMiller, we understand that people are our enduring advantage. We strive to create excellent, safe working environments that inspire and motivate our people to develop a can-do attitude that comes from a real passion for what we do. 1 ABI addresses HIV/Aids For several years our soft drinks business in South Africa, ABI, has addressed the issue of HIV/Aids among its workforce through a comprehensive intervention programme. The two areas of major focus internally are to manage existing infections through voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and early diagnosis; and managed health care, which includes anti-retroviral treatment and an effective education programme aimed at reducing or preventing new infections. Wellness educators have been trained to apply the model in small group sessions which are carried out during working hours. ABI focuses on VCT through its ACT campaign (Awareness, Counselling and Testing), which is designed to encourage employees to discover their status early enough to start treatment should it be required. The costs of the ACT campaign are paid for by the company and since its inception, 86% of ABI employees have participated and know their status. Information regarding the medical condition of employees is kept strictly confidential at all times and employees who have a life threatening disease are treated with sensitivity and compassion. The company supports the principle of non-discrimination. A Life Threatening Diseases policy has been put in place to provide a framework within which to manage HIV/Aids and inform employees of their rights, responsibilities and benefits. All employees and their dependents have access to a managed health care programme which includes lifestyle management and the provision of antiretroviral therapy through an external service provider. ABI aims to contribute to the reduction of HIV/Aids in the communities in which it operates by making HIV/Aids prevention and management an integral part of its Corporate Social Investment strategy and projects. 2 Angola training for success Coca-Cola Bottlers Luanda (CCBL) believes in harnessing the potential of the people who live and work in the communities in which it operates. In partnership with a professional training school, EFTA (Escola de Formacao Teconologica de Angola), students are recruited and provided with the training and skills required by CCBL for expansion into other parts of Angola. Through the education programme the students are trained to become mechanics, electricians and production line operators over a period of three to 18 months. This enables the business to invest in both developing skills for future employees, and in enhancing the capabilities of local communities. An added benefit is that students are also equipped with skills which can be transferred to other parts of the business. CCBL has invested approximately US$400,000 in the programme, which will run until 2010. 1 2 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 7 Workplace continued We are committed to building strong teams of smart, educated people who are capable of working throughout the company, throughout the world. 3 Zambia assists employees with HIV/Aids programme Most of the employees who work at Zambian Breweries and its soft drink operations are locals who have grown up with the stigma that surrounds. HIV/Aids in a country which has a national prevalence rate of 18%. HIV/Aids is a major focus for Zambian Breweries and as such it was the first company in Zambia to provide antiretroviral treatment for all of its staff and their families, as well as to have voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centres in place on all sites. Following initial discussions with employees, the first on-site VCT centre was opened, and within six months approximately 100 employees had been through the centre. A year later the business had an HIV/Aids VCT count of 80%. This was a huge source of pride for management, indicating a high level of trust from employees. As an example to all employees, members of the Operating Board went for VCT and were taken through the counselling training. Managers were then required to include HIV/Aids in their goals in order to create a sense of ownership from senior managers. While its HIV/Aids policy is recognized as one of the strongest in the country, the disease remains one of the biggest risks facing the business, given its high prevalence among those individuals who form part of its supply and distribution chains. As a result, Zambian Breweries has also started a programme to promote awareness and understanding of the disease beyond the workplace and into the communities in which it operates. At our operations in Botswana, a similar programme is in place to assist all employees. The company provides on-site clinics, a doctor who calls twice a week to test and counsel employees, and nurses and peer educators educate the staff about the virus. 8 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 Environment Operating in an environmentally responsible way is a priority for all of our businesses. 1 ABI sets the benchmark ABI, the soft drinks subsidiary of SAB Ltd in South Africa, has set the benchmark for SABMiller’s priority to make more soft drinks with less water. ABI’s Midrand manufacturing and distribution unit upgraded its water treatment plant, replacing the conventional chemical treatment plant with a Nano/RO membrane filtration plant. In a country where potable water remains an issue, the plant invested R2. 4 million ($344,800) in new equipment and systems to reduce waste water. The upgrade resulted in the plant performing at 1. 48hl of water for every hectolitre of product, and a water ratio target of 1. 3hl/hl by 2012 has been set. The percentage of water lost down the drain was also reduced from 30% to 10%. Steady progress has been made on the previous water to soft drink ratio of 2hl/hl at the plant, and 1. 35hl/hl is now being achieved when production conditions are favourable. This compares very well against other PET only plants and the average usage across TCCC’s global operations, which includes those plants which use returnable glass bottles, is between 2hl/hl and 2. 5hl/hl. In a further effort to reduce the company’s environmental footprint, ABI is also a major funder of South Africa’s Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycling Company (PETCO), which is a world first industry-led initiative. The company’s activities involve the recycling of PET plastic bottles and their conversion into polyester resin, which is then used to make products such as video tapes, pillow fibre, fleece jackets and carpets. Established in 2005, PETCO has made steady progress in increasing the volume of recycled PET in South Africa. The company is also committed to increasing awareness and education about PET recyclability. 2 Creating business opportunities in Zambia Zambian Breweries Limited (ZBL) is the largest recycler of bottles and plastic crates in Zambia. Of the 320 million bottles that are used in Zambia every year to bottle beer and soft drinks, only 9 million of these are being used for the first time. The rest are reused between 10 and 25 times during their lifecycle, after which they are crushed and recycled. ZBL also uses 13 million plastic crates a year, only 100,000 of which are being used for the first time. These plastic crates are reused several times and, once damaged, they too are crushed and recycled. In addition to reducing its impact on the environment, the recycling of bottles and crates has created opportunities for small local recycling businesses to develop. ZBL has helped to set up an independent plastic recycling business which has created 40 jobs and resulted in any new crates consisting of 75% recycled plastic materials. Three local entrepreneurs have also been assisted with the purchase of a glass crusher to help them set up a glass recycling business. Additional kilns may also be purchased with the aim of turning the bottles that are no longer suitable for bottling beer or soft drinks into recycled glassware which small businesses can sell to local bars and trade outlets. 1 2 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 9 Environment continued As a bottler, our operations play a crucial role in water conservation and purification, energy efficiency and solid waste management. 3 Honduras recycles PET bottles As PET plastic bottles have grown in popularity with consumers in Honduras, the lack of an existing recycling culture has resulted in problems with litter and environmental damage. On the island of Roatan, Cerveceria Hondurena, in collaboration with the local municipality, government authorities, local communities and other private sector businesses, has established a recycling programme involving the collection, storage and transfer of PET bottles. The programme aims to remove the solid plastic waste on the island and reduce the environmental damage caused to beaches and coral reefs; promote a culture of recycling plastic bottles among the community, consumers and the general public; protect the mangroves; and help reduce environmental pollution. The project involves the collection of plastic waste from the collection points established by the local council. The waste is then transported from the island to the mainland at La Ceiba and Puerto Cortes. A pilot recycling campaign held during the Easter period in two local communities also included visits to schools and colleges to help educate students about recycling and the impact of litter on the environment. Cerveceria Hondurena has undertaken several other initiatives to reduce its environmental footprint. Among its major achievements has been a 21% reduction in the total glass weight used for sparkling soft drink returnable glass bottles over the last 10 years, and the introduction of 100% recycled plastic crates two years ago. Of the current crate population, 30% is now made of 100% recycled plastic. 4 Cleaner water at Appletiser At the Appletiser plant in South Africa, waste water used in the manufacturing process is carefully cleaned and filtered before either being reused to irrigate the neighbouring apple orchards or returned to the nearby river. The Appletiser plant filters and releases its waste water into a series of four ponds. Through the ponds, the Ph balance of the water is restored and it is aerated before being allowed to settle. From there, the water is pumped through a shallow labyrinth, which allows oxidation to take place and uses ultra violet light from the sun to help sterilise the water. At the end of the process, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been reduced from an average of 8,000 units when it leaves the plant to between 30 and 50 units. This reduction in COD is critical, as a high level can cause water life to die from lack of oxygen. The waste and treated water is carefully monitored and a report supplied to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 4 10 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 Community The continued health and sustainable growth of SABMiller’s business depends on the long-term wellbeing and success of the communities that surround us. We are firmly committed to benefiting our local communities. 1 Lesotho: educating the supply chain on HIV/Aids In line with our Sustainable Development Framework, SABMiller’s subsidiaries and affiliates aim to contribute to the reduction of HIV/Aids within their sphere of influence. The Lesotho Brewing Company (LBC) held a workshop to educate soft drink hawkers and street vendors about HIV/Aids. The course provided attendees with information on how to avoid infection, the use of condoms, voluntary counselling and testing, as well as living with the virus. both students and neighbouring communities, that the company identified other local schools in need of access to water where it has implemented the rain harvesting system. Through this project, Industrias La Constancia has helped three schools in the Nejapa area neighbouring the soft drinks plant. Over 1,000 members of the community have directly benefited from the programme to date. The system has also enabled the schools to save money as they no longer need to buy water. The programme will benefit 23,000 people in local communities and is supported by several companies including USAID and financed by the Coca-Cola Foundation. It will contribute to the country’s efforts to reconstruct and rehabilitate the infrastructure that was almost entirely destroyed during the war, by increasing access to water among the urban poor and improving the management of water points. In a second project CCBL also recognized that the hospital in Bom Jesus, the municipality where CCBL’s plant is located, needed substantial upgrading in order to improve access to healthcare services for its 150 employees and the local community. In a partnership which CCBL established with other local companies, local authorities and the provincial government, critical services at the hospital have been upgraded in order to more effectively combat common diseases such as cholera, tuberculosis and malaria, and to decrease the infant mortality rate. 2 El Salvador provides water to students In partnership with TCCC, Industrias La Constancia in El Salvador has worked to help schools in local communities gain access to water, thus elevating the quality of life of the students and enabling them to enjoy their education in a healthier environment. The company identified the Tutultepeque School as one in need of assistance and in co-ordination with FONAES, a semiautonomous organisation, designed a project that would enable the school to have its own water supply through the construction of a rain harvesting system. The programme, called ‘Water for my school’, was such a success, benefiting 3 Angola builds for the future In an effort to improve access to water and health facilities, Coca-Cola Bottling Luanda (CCBL) has embarked on two projects to improve local facilities and infrastructure. The Community Watersheds Partnership Programme aims to reduce the incidence of water borne diseases among the residents of Kilamba Kiaxi and Viana in Luanda, thus leading to improvements in health and the quality of life. The project includes the construction of 10 community water standpoints, training for community hygiene promoters, the establishment of municipal water boards and a governance structure being put in place. 2 3 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 11 SABMiller plc (Registration No: 3528416) Registered office SABMiller House Church Street West Woking Surrey England GU21 6HS. Telephone +44 1483 264000 Telefax +44 1483 264104 Head Office One Stanhope Gate London England W1K 1AF Telephone +44 20 7659 0100 Telefax +44 20 7659 0111 Internet address www.sabmiller. com Sustainable development Telephone +44 1483 264139 Sustainable. [emailprotected] com For further information on SABMiller’s global Sustainable Development priorities and activities, please visit http://www. sabmiller. com/sabmiller. com/en_gb/ Our+responsibility/ 12 SABMiller plc Soft Drinks Report December 2007 www. sabmiller. com.

Essay on the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Beowulf is Certainly an Epic :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf is an Epic The early English epic Beowulf is filled with a marvelous hero, ghastly villains , far off lands , and deeds of great valor. These are some of the reasons why Beowulf is a great example of an early English epic. Beowulf is an epic because it has action that consists of deeds of great valor , the setting of Beowulf is in vast scope covering great lands and far off places , and the hero of the story , Beowulf , is of imposing stature of international and international importance. One reason that Beowulf is an epic is because the action consists of deeds of great valor. Beowulf told a story of when he killed nine sea-beasts with his sword. He also said," I returned from a fight when I destroyed five a family of giants ," which proves the great strength that Beowulf had. When Beowulf talked about going to fight Grendel , he denied himself the use of a sword because he wanted a fair hand-to-hand fight with Grendel. When one of Hroathgars' coast guards set eyes upon Beowulf he said ,"I have never set eyes on a more noble man , you are no mere retainer." Although the action in Beowulf consists of great deeds , the setting of the story is vast scope covering great lands and far off places. Beowulf said that his father was favored far and wide because he was a very noble lord. "The swift current , the surging water carried me to the far off Land of the Lapps ," said Beowulf as he told a story to one of Hroathgars' retainers. When Beowulf talked of where Grendel lived he said ,"These two live in a little known country with wolf-slopes , windswept headlands where a mountain stream plunges." The protagonist of Beowulf , Beowulf , is a figure of national and international importance with great historical and legendary significance. "Then he who feared no man , the proud leader of the Geats," said the author about Beowulf before he went to seek Grendel. Another example the narrator uses to show the importance of Beowulf is ,"Truly , the leader of the Geats fervently

Pilgrim by Timothy Findley Essay

Pilgrim is introduced in the story in a strikingly interesting manner – a suicide attempt resulting to his death – a â€Å"temporary death† which only lasted for a few hours. From the beginning of the story which was supposed to be the end of the central character’s life, the character of Pilgrim presented a big mystery. Having failed to commit suicide, Pilgrim was though to be schizophrenic so he was placed in a clinic where he tells his astonishing story of how his life – or rather â€Å"lives† – spanned 4,000 years. The introduction of Pilgrim set the whole plot of the story. It introduced many mysterious questions that were seemingly illogical and irrational – Is Pilgrim really a madman or an immortal? Which side should the reader take – one who supports theories on psychological disorders or one that accepts the possible mysteries of life? Having lived â€Å"multiple lives†, why did Pilgrim want death? Such questions only show that Pilgrim was a very complex character – one that symbolized a wide selection of societal themes. Pilgrim, A challenge In the story, the character and nature of Pilgrim satisfied the intellectual and psychological challenge that Dr. Jung was looking for. The peculiar life of the supposed schizophrenic provokes many philosophical, spiritual, psychological, and scientific questions and these questions direct the action of the other characters. As they interact with Pilgrim, the other characters adapt his mythical makeup and doing so encourages them to question their own identity and their own real story of existence. As an effective and astounding mystery novel, this plot relation between the characters is also adapted by the readers. As one goes deep into the story, readers are encouraged to share with the questions of Pilgrim’s character. Findley and Pilgrim Pilgrim was a Timothy Findley character who presents all of author’s favorite themes. Findley loved to write about the past and history and that is probably why Pilgrim was depicted as a man who spanned several lives – not forward, but back to the past. This character also depicted isolation and war, though not literary. In the story, Pilgrim was seemingly â€Å"isolated† because he was one of a kind – the â€Å"immortal† supposedly who cannot die no matter how he tries to do so. Moreover, there was no other story character that showed support for Pilgrim’s claims. Logic demands story characters – and even the readers – to disregard what Pilgrim believes in. So, in that sense, he is alone, isolated, and is at war with himself and rationality. What’s more obvious here is the fact that Findley tries to evoke people to be more conscious with their own identity and sanity in the same way as Dr. Jung was after he examined the case of Pilgrim. Pilgrim was presented as â€Å"nothing† in the story – an ageless and genderless with no exact definition of himself other than the notion that he was a human being. However, that presentation also made him â€Å"everything† about the story – from how it began, how other characters behaved, how the readers will react, how the story will progress, and how the story will end. This character served as the â€Å"backbone† of the story, a character which summarizes the plot, setting, ideas, and themes that can be found or deduced from the novel. What does Pilgrim represent? â€Å"I have lived many times, Doctor Jung. Who knows, as Leda I might have been the mother of Helen–or, as Anne, the mother of Mary†¦. I was also crippled shepherd in thrall of Saint Teresa of Avila; an Irish stable boy and a maker of stained glass at Chartres†¦. I saw the first performance of Hamlet and the last performance of Moliere, the actor. I was a friend to Oscar Wilde and an enemy to Leonardo†¦. I am both male and female. I am ageless, and I have no access to death. † The character of Pilgrim can be interpreted in two opposing ways – from a psychological and irrational standpoint or following a mystical approach. Taking into account the view of another prime character in the story – Dr. Carl Jung, Pilgrim is a representation of the psyche or the â€Å"collective unconscious†. He is just a schizophrenic – who, because of his condition – seemingly had experienced different personalities which he himself concocted in his unconscious. The fact that he recognized that he had â€Å"multiple lives† implied that he has finally became in touch with consciousness after he has spent years imagining that he â€Å"lived† the lives of multiple personalities. This claim is supported by the fact that Pilgrim remembers nothing about being a child again after being â€Å"reborn† several times. Using the first line of reasoning, there is no point in analyzing the behavior and actions of the character because all of the irrational actions will only lead to the fact that he is psychologically ill. If Pilgrim is taken as a schizophrenic character then analyzing whether he is just or unjust is pointless because a mentally ill individual does not have a concrete concept of justice and righteousness nor is he capable of making the right decisions. On the other hand, if analyzed using a mythical standpoint, Pilgrim is taken as a special being – an immortal. If the concept of Pilgrim’s immortality is accepted, then the actions of the character can be further analyzed. Immortality, an illogical â€Å"ability† which is doubted but definitely aspired by many is presented as the key to the full understanding the complex persona of the character and the motivation he has for his actions. In the story, Pilgrim doesn’t talk and he exerts all of his efforts on committing suicide. His main goal is in contrast of what most people want to avoid – â€Å"to die†. To explain this willingness to die in this case, it should be noted that unlike normal human beings, Pilgrim has lived multiple lives. Pilgrim lived as both male and female for thousands of years. He has witnessed to some of the greatest events of human history and he was involved with many notable people who have shaped the world’s history and culture. Despite being part of the continuous evolution of the society, he also experience and endured the miseries of being a human being. And, based on that experience, his willingness to die implies that perhaps most of the aspects in human life were more wearying than pleasing. Pilgrim’s persona provides character to the novel The character of â€Å"Pilgrim† can be analyzed as what the term means – a journey. Pilgrim is society and Pilgrim’s life is human history – a mixture of ages, genders, values, and events that affected the evolution of the human life. As noted by Pilgrim, society has witnessed more hardships than progression – there were more revolutionary wars than radical advancements. So, it might be better if the society will end the changes that it had to endure. But, society cannot die – no matter what it does to destroy itself. Throughout the long human history, civilizations have been developed and destroyed by various factors but as represented by Pilgrim’s temporal deaths, these social groupings will always be born again. When the society is reborn, it then takes a new form – just like the new persona that Pilgrim develops each time he â€Å"lives again†. As such, in the same way that Pilgrim needs Dr. Jung – the society also needs logic and reasoning to â€Å"cure† the delusion of weariness and restore its willingness to exist no matter how hard it may be to live and live again. Reference: Timothy Findley, Pilgrim. New York. HarperCollins. 2000 (c1999). 486 pages.

Dexter vs. Breaking Bad

The American Dream: Dexter vs. Breaking Bad The concept of the American Dream has been around us since the foundation of America and is largely what forms it. This ideal embraces fundamental freedoms that are endowed to each person. It strives for freedom, opportunity, and entrepreneurship for all people. Two television series that incorporate this principle are Dexter and Breaking Bad. Dexter focuses on a blood splatter analyst named Dexter who works to find clues/evidence in crime scenes by day, and secretly is a vigilante serial killer by night.Breaking Bad encompasses a chemistry teacher named Walter White who finds out that he has contracted lung cancer and must find a way to pay for his medical bills. Given his expertise with chemical properties, he decides to cook and sell the illegal and hazardous drug, methamphetamine. Both television shows Breaking Bad and Dexter criticize and portray ideals of the American Dream in their sophisticated plots and character portrayals. A larg e aspect of the American Dream is to ‘dream big. With both series, this concept is definitely represented well.In both circumstances, the protagonists in each show must cover p their devious ways to fit in and not be noticed by their surroundings. Walter does this by confining himself to his meth lab when he gets the free time in order to cook with his partner in crime, Jesse Pinkman. Dexter has to mask his acts of murder as well during his nighttime raids where he stalks his next malevolent victim. The average person Just looking at Dexter and Walter from a general standpoint would not have a clue as to what their side Jobs are.It is for this reason that the two shows do such worthy Jobs of depicting the characters as underdogs with lifestyles that would go unseen by most individuals. The family life and its significance is another key component to look at in both of the series. The concept of a strong family is a vital part of the American Dream. Both Dexter and Walter must support their families' needs and remain in good standing as fathers of their house. In both shows, the chemistry between the families lack greatly and thus successfully criticize that part of the American Dream.Walter must provide for his family while enduring the unfortunate hardship of his progressing lung cancer. Although he does end up providing enough money, Skylar, his wife, demands a divorce due to his chronic lying bout his whereabouts and his ignorance to his other fatherly demands – socializing with his family and being an exceptional role model. Dexter criticizes the notion of a structured and united family life. This original characteristic usually consisted of a happily married husband and wife that were raising a few children in a white picket fenced house.This stereotype is definitely combated in Dexter. Although Dexter does have a toddler son named Harrison whom he loves dearly and relates himself with his beginning, Dexter also has relations with numerous wo men throughout the series. Just a few women he does hook up with are Lila West, Rita Bennett, and Hannah McKay. America has its dark side. It is very apparent to the viewer that both shows do a superb Job at displaying this unfortunate reality.By doing so, the shows simultaneously mock the stereotypical characteristic of the American Dream ideal that the struggles and In Breaking Bad, there are numerous events that take place that embody this notion, such as the drug cartels that are largely organized under the main distributor, Gustavo Fring. There are many murders that occur as well, such as when Gale Boetticher (another meth. ab partner with Walter) is shot and killed by Jesse Pinkman due to Pinkman fearing that Gale would replace him as a partner of Walter, which would be a large financial disadvantage for Pinkman.It is no surprise that Dexter provides an abundant share of violence as well. Being centered on a serial killer, what would one expect? Dexter often makes his victims suffer the punishment that he believes they deserve. A prime example of this is when he hunts down and manages to abduct the infamous ‘bathtub killer' Arthur Mitchell. Dexter chats with Arthur about their beliefs of life and ridicules Arthur for killing innocent victims. Finally, Dexter bludgeons Arthur to death with the back of a hammer to end the scene on a sadistic, yet satisfying note.The method in which Walter gains his money is a superb example of another criticism of the American Dream ideal. The labor-intensive factory working environment was the original norm of how many Americans in the mid '50s found themselves in. Walter shatters this stereotype with his frequent seven-fgure drug deals with various clients. Not only does Walter live out this get- rich-quick mentality, but several others, such as Jesse Pinkman, Gustavo Fring, and Gale Boetticher are shown throughout the series to achieve wealth in a similar way – the exchanging of illegal drugs.Although the A merican Dream ideal has evolved over time, it is still largely predominant in todays society. The two television series do wonderful Jobs of portraying and criticizing the American Dream. Some of the major characteristics that they target are the importance of family life, the mentality to ‘dream big, and the reality of the ‘dark side' of America. The relations, portrayals, and criticisms of the American Dream ideal between Dexter and Breaking Bad can be easily deciphered if one Just simply looks for them.

The Spread of Religions Essays

The Spread of Religions Essays The Spread of Religions Paper The Spread of Religions Paper Short Writing Assignment # 2 Topic: The Spread of Religions 11/20/2011 Question 1: How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the world, and why are they practiced so far from their origins? Answer 1: Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the world by use of four common practices. Missionaries spread the faith to new areas. These missionaries adapted their message to the existing culture of the area and adopted elements of existing religious traditions. Pilgrimage was encouraged and allowed the pilgrim to express devotion through the hardships of travel and expand their world-view. Through the use of relics, people were allowed a personal connection to the story of the religion. They are practiced all over the globe, far from their origins. One reason is forced conversion such as the conversion of the Saxons by Charlemagne under threat of death. Another is diaspora such as when the Romans expelled the Jews from Judea and they scatted all over the earth. Question 2: How did these three major world religions change and adapt to diverse cultural circumstances? Answer 2: Buddhism adapted the Chinese culture in China and flourished there to an extent that China became the center of pilgrimage and dispersion even though India was the source. It adapted to Chinese culture easily because the Chinese idea of Wuwei was very similar to the idea of Nirvana as taught by Buddha. Christianity adapted to the indigenous religions in many ways. Just a few: The Church of the Holy Sepulcher was once the site of a shrine to Aphrodite. Christmas is now the celebration of Christ’s birth even though no one knows the day he was born. European Christians absorbed their old pagan tradition of the celebration of Yule into the practice of their new religion. Sufi missionaries adopted local cultural practices into the practice of Islam to attract converts. Question 3: Why did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam emerge when and where they did? Answer 3: Each religion spread mostly in near proximity to its source: Buddhism throughout eastern Asia from India to China then on to Japan and Korea. Islam spread from Arabia through western Asia and across North Africa. Christianity spread across the Mediterranean from Judea then through Europe during the dark ages when Europeans needed a sense of unity and stability after the loss of the same after the fall of the Roman Empire. Europeans then carried it with them when they settled the New World. Question 4: How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam interact with, provide justification for, and conflict with various states and empires in Afro-Eurasia? Answer 4: Buddhism became the state religion of China as the nobles embraced and patronized it. Christianity became the state religion throughout Europe after the nobles embraced it then forced the conversion of their subjects as in Kiev and the mass conversion of the Saxons under the threat of death. Islam supports trade so Arabian traders spread it throughout their travels.

Free sample - Appeasement and the Munich. translation missing

Appeasement and the Munich. Appeasement and the Munich1. How did Chamberlain defend the Munich Agreement? What was he trying to achieve? After tension continued to rise in European continent, because of the speech that was delivered at a Nuremberg by Herr Hitler, the ministers started to examine the tension of the whole situation in the light of this speech. They tried to maintain the state of peace at all possible means. The aim of this speech was the fact that Hitler wanted to attack Czechoslovakia and further continues to attack the upper east. Nevertheless, Hitler knew that it would be hard to conquer and he had to do this as fast as possible before France and the Great Britain could have taken effect. Chamberlain after discovering the acts that Hitler was planning he identified himself with the circumstances and after considering the possibility over the sudden and dramatic step that would have saved the situation he decided that he should inform Hitler that he should go to Germany and see him so that he could calm the situation. After the preparation, he thought that it was better if he persuaded Hitler that â⠂¬Å"Hitler had an unequalled opportunity of raising his own prestige and fulfilling what he has so often declared to be his aim, namely the establishment of an Anglo-German understanding, preceded by a settlement of the Czechoslovakian question† and that he shouldn’t guarantee that â€Å"Dr. Benes would accept this solution, but I should undertake to put all possible pressure on him to do so. 2. What alternatives did Churchill offer to the Munich Agreement? How realistic were these alternatives? On the other hand, Churchill contributed a lot to the Munich agreement despite facing a motion of no confidence Churchill continued to provide a very strong leadership even though the war continued to go bad for the Britain and a couple of defeats. However he continued facing critics because of mending in the military matters and the fact that he continued to be advised by some of his friends rather than his own military commanders. It is said that one of the major contributions that he accomplished was, â€Å"his ability to inspire the British people to greater effort by making public broadcasts on significant occasions†. It is reported that he was a very brilliant orator and a very tireless source of all the sufferings of the blitz. More so played the part of the creation of Bolshevism that actually brought about the formation of Russian revolution which was an n international part of the atheistic Jewish. However, Clynes sates that Churchill â€Å"was and has always remain ed, a soldier in mufti. He possesses inborn militaristic qualities, and is intensely proud of his descent from Marlborough. He cannot visualize Britain without an Empire, or the Empire without wars of acquisition and defense. A hundred years ago he might profoundly have affected the shaping of our country's history. Now, the impulses of peace and internationalism, and the education and equality of the working classes, leave him unmoved†. This shows the character that Churchill posed and the fact that he was a man of the people. 3. Does awareness of this history change your assessment of the Munich Agreement? If so, how and why? At the end of 1918, cultural German delegates from Bohemia and Moravia discarded enclosure in Czechoslovakia and as a substitute declared the combination of German-majority expanse (such as the Sudetenland) with Austria. In response, the new Czech government mobilized its army to enforce its boundaries- even though these boundaries contained over three million ethnic Germans. This awareness did change the Munich agreement because each country learnt to live by its own and protect its people and its country. In the note, this aspect Munich agreement separated most Germans and thus the countries separated from one another in fear of war arising amongst them.

When are people justified in rebelling from a government Essay

When are people justified in rebelling from a government - Essay Example Simply put, whenever a government fails to keep up the social contract it has with the citizens, rebellion against that government becomes justified according to Locke and that rebellion is not illegal or unjust. Therefore, it is important to understand the social contract, the idea of rebellion and how Locke sees the legitimacy of government for any student of History, sociology and even philosophy. Additionally, comparisons can be made in terms of how other philosophers such as Hobbes have seen the legitimacy of government as opposed to Locke to fully understand the position Locke takes on what a government should do to keep the social contract. The social contract theory is a common concept used in many different fields such as political science, economics and sociology. It basically suggests that there is a contract which exists between the state and the individuals who are part of the state regarding their individual rights and privileges. A social contract can also exist between a company/organization and its members or a social group and the participants of the group. The idea of a social contract has been developed and expanded greatly by philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke amongst many others (Wikipedia, 2006). However, the Ideas of Locke are very important in this case because he was the first to establish the criteria for a social contract and then establish the course a people should take up if their own government does not uphold its end of the bargain. Hobbes was the earlier of the two philosophers and outlined his ideas concerning a social contract in his magnum opus titled Leviathan. Hobbes suggests that the natural inclination of mankind breaks men into strong and weak. The strength of a strong man may come from his physical abilities or his mental prowess but in either case, he has an advantage over the weak. However, this

Gobachevs New Foreign Policy and its Consequences Essay

Gobachevs New Foreign Policy and its Consequences - Essay Example Gorbachev’s foreign policy approach was a direct result of domestic concerns. Gorbachev viewed economic and political restructuring as not simply the basis of domestic revitalization, it was essential to sustain the Soviet Union’s position as an international power. Gorbachev described the connection between his domestic and foreign policy programs. â€Å"The success of efforts at internal reform will determine whether or not the Soviet Union will enter the twenty-first century in a manner worthy of a great power.†1 New Soviet government leaders, led by Gorbachev, introduced radical changes to the Soviet system. He initiated perestroika, a series of economic reforms meant to eliminate ineffective administrative structures without fundamentally altering the state-run economy. Politically, Gorbachev introduced glasnost so as to decrease the control of the state and Communist Party interests, the obstacles to economic reform. Political reform was successful but also initiated opposition that ultimately led to Gorbachev’s political demise. New foreign policy thinking was created and implemented to support the pressing needs for economic reform and internal political reforms. These reforms reunited Germany and earned Gorbachev a good deal of popularity throughout the world, more so than in Russia. It also earned him the Nobel Peace prize and an honored position in history. Characteristic of Soviet ideologies from the past, the primary attention of its new leadership was on the domestic issues.

Essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Questions - Essay Example One important principle of the modern model of organization is that the sensory system is parallel. This means that information moves between different structures along multiple pathways simultaneously. Another important principle of the modern model is that the system is functionally segregated. This means that structures in the system are comprised of different parts that specialize in different kinds of analysis. A third important principle of the modern model is that the system is organized hierarchically, which means that information flows through brain structures in a specific order based on how functionally and nueroanatomically complex they are. One way the olfactory system is different from other systems is that there is no thalamic relay when sensory activity is transferred to the olfactory bulb. This means that the olfactory system bypasses the thalamus; which controls the flow of information to the cortex. Another way the olfactory system is different is that the receptor neurons of the system are continuously replaced through mitotic division. This continual replacement occurs because olfactory neurons are exposed directly to the environment; therefore the neurons have a very high vulnerability and need to be replaced continuously. One effect of damage to the posterior parietal cortex is known as Apraxia, which usually occurs as a result of damage to the left side of the cortex. Apraxia inhibits voluntary action. One example would be not being able to lift your arm on command. Another effect of this type of damage is called Contralateral Neglect. This damage usually occurs on the right side of the cortex and makes the person unable to respond to stimuli on the opposite side where the damage occurs. People with this type of damage often ignore putting make-up on or shaving one side of their face; usually the left side. Another feature is called motor equivalence. This means that programs are stored at